Footing A footing is a portion of the foundation of a structure that transmits load directly to the soil Foundation It is the upper part of the earth mass carrying
Types of Concrete Joints
Expansion Joints These are structural separation between building elements that allow independent movement without damage to the assembly. Expansion joints are designed to safely absorb the thermal expansion and contraction of various
Classification of Sleepers
1-Wooden Sleepers Wooden sleepers are the ideal type of sleeper. Hence they are universally used. The utility of timber sleepers has not diminished due to the passage of time Advantages
Railway Sleepers
Sleepers are members that are laid transverse to the rails on which the rails are supported and fixed to transfer the loads from rails to the ballast and ground below.
Methods of Reducing Wear of Rails
Followings are some different techniques and methods for reducing wear of rails Use of special alloy steel Good maintenance of track Reduction of expansion gap Exchange of inner and outer
